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Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the Kremlin has increasingly militarized the Black Sea region, presenting a threat to both NATO and its littoral partners, especially Ukraine and Moldova. Indeed, the region has become a testing ground for Russian hybrid warfare operations. These operations, which engage adversaries below the threshold of war, often seek to undermine civil society with tactics such as assaults on the integrity of elections, attacks on infrastruct

While Russia's hybrid tactics are not new, their scale and sophistication in the digital age present unprecedented challenges. By Eitvydas Bajarūnas Executive Summary Hybrid warfare is not episodic, but a permanent feature of Russia’s strategy, rooted in Soviet “active measures” and enhanced by modern tools like artificial intelligence–enabled information manipulation and cyber operations. It exploits the seams of open societies — disinformation, cyber, sabotage, coercion — b

As Europe dithers, Russia’s successful drone offensive intensifies. By Edward Lucas Source: Land Forces of Ukraine From Munich to Lviv is...

Hybrid warfare against NATO nations should trigger the doctrine of collective defense. But how would it work in practice? By Eitvydas...

The military alliance is looking for more ways to protect members' assets from sabotage by actors such as Russia and China. There is even...